Class for the MCP4725 series of digital-to-analog converters. More...

#include <mcp4725.h>

Inheritance diagram for Piduino::Mcp4725:

Collaboration diagram for Piduino::Mcp4725:

Public Types
enum	Type { AnalogToDigital , DigitalToAnalog , Sensor , GpioExpander , UnknownType = -1 }
	Enumeration of converter types. More...

enum	ModeFlag { NoMode = 0x00000000 , NormalMode = 0x00000000 , DigitalInput = 0x00000001 , DigitalOutput = 0x00000002 , AnalogInput = 0x00000004 , AnalogOutput = 0x00000008 , PullUp = 0x00000010 , PullDown = 0x00000020 , ActiveLow = 0x00000040 , EdgeRising = 0x00000080 , EdgeFalling = 0x00000100 , EdgeBoth = EdgeRising \| EdgeFalling , Interrupt = 0x00000200 , Continuous = 0x00000400 , SingleShot = 0x00000800 , FastMode = 0x00001000 , SaveToEEPROM = 0x00002000 , PwrDwn0 = 0x00004000 , PwrDwn1 = 0x00008000 , PwrDwnEn = 0x00010000 , PwrDwn = PwrDwnEn , PwrDwnR1 = PwrDwnEn , PwrDwnR2 = PwrDwnEn \| PwrDwn0 , PwrDwnR3 = PwrDwnEn \| PwrDwn1 , PwrDwnR4 = PwrDwnEn \| PwrDwn1 \| PwrDwn0 , PwrDwnMask = PwrDwnEn \| PwrDwn1 \| PwrDwn0 , GainBit0 = 0x00020000 , GainBit1 = 0x00040000 , GainBit2 = 0x00080000 , GainEn = 0x00100000 , GainMask = GainBit0 \| GainBit1 \| GainBit2 \| GainEn , Gain1 = GainEn , Gain2 = GainEn \| GainBit0 , Gain3 = GainEn \| GainBit1 , Gain4 = GainEn \| GainBit1 \| GainBit0 , Gain5 = GainEn \| GainBit2 , Gain6 = GainEn \| GainBit2 \| GainBit0 , Gain7 = GainEn \| GainBit2 \| GainBit1 , Gain8 = GainEn \| GainBit2 \| GainBit1 \| GainBit0 }
	Flags that specify the channel mode for the converter. More...

enum	{ hasFrequency = 0x00000001 , hasReference = 0x00000002 , hasResolution = 0x00000004 , hasBipolar = 0x00000008 , hasRange = 0x00000010 , hasSetFrequency = 0x00000020 , hasSetRange = 0x00000040 , hasSetReference = 0x00000080 , hasSetResolution = 0x00000100 , hasSetBipolar = 0x00000200 , requiresWaitLoop = 0x00000400 , hasClockSelection = 0x00000800 , hasModeSetting = 0x00001000 , hasToggle = 0x00002000 , hasReferencePerChannel = 0x00004000 }

enum	{ DefaultReference = 0 , InternalReference , VddReference , ExternalReference , Internal1Reference , Internal2Reference , Internal3Reference , Internal4Reference , UnknownReference = -1 }

enum	{ DefaultClock = 0 , InternalClock , ExternalClock , UnknownClock = -1 }

typedef Flags< ModeFlag, long >	Mode
	Type representing a combination of ModeFlag values.

enum	OpenModeFlag { NotOpen = 0x0000 , Append = std::ios_base::app , AtEnd = std::ios_base::ate , Binary = std::ios_base::binary , ReadOnly = std::ios_base::in , WriteOnly = std::ios_base::out , ReadWrite = ReadOnly \| WriteOnly , Truncate = std::ios_base::trunc , IosModes = Append \| AtEnd \| Binary \| ReadOnly \| WriteOnly \| Truncate , Unbuffered = (Truncate << 1) }
	Flags that specify how the device is to be opened. More...

typedef Flags< OpenModeFlag >	OpenMode
	Type representing a combination of OpenModeFlag values.

Public Member Functions
	Mcp4725 (int busId=I2cDev::Info::defaultBus().id(), int address=DefaultAddress)
	Constructs a Mcp4725 object with the specified I2C device and parameters.

virtual	~Mcp4725 ()
	Virtual destructor for the Mcp4725 class.

	Mcp4725 (const std::string &parameters)
	Constructs a Mcp4725 object from a string of parameters.

virtual const std::string &	deviceName () const
	Returns the device name associated with the converter.

Type	type () const
	Returns the type of the converter.

virtual unsigned int	flags () const
	returns the flags associated with the converter.

virtual bool	open (IoDevice::OpenMode mode=IoDevice::ReadWrite)
	Opens the converter device with the specified mode.

virtual void	close ()
	Closes the converter device.

virtual long	read ()
	Reads a digital value from the converter.

virtual bool	write (long value)
	Writes a value to the converter.

virtual bool	toggle (int channel=-1)
	Toggles the state of a specific channel on the converter.

virtual long	readChannel (int channel=0, bool differential=false)
	Reads the digital value of a specific channel from the converter.

virtual double	readValue (int channel=0, bool differential=false)
	Reads a value from the converter (ADC)

virtual double	readAverage (int channel=0, bool differential=false, int count=8)
	Reads an average value of count samples from the converter.

virtual double	readAverageValue (int channel=0, bool differential=false, int count=8)
	Reads an average value from the converter.

virtual bool	writeChannel (long value, int channel=-1, bool differential=false)
	Writes a digital value to a specific channel of the converter.

virtual bool	writeValue (double value, int channel=-1, bool differential=false)
	Writes a value to the converter (DAC).

virtual int	numberOfChannels () const
	Returns the number of channels supported by the converter.

virtual double	digitalToValue (long digitalValue, bool differential=false) const
	Converts a digital value to an analog value.

virtual double	digitalToValue (int channel, long digitalValue, bool differential=false) const

virtual long	valueToDigital (double value, bool differential=false) const
	Converts a analog value to a digital value.

virtual long	valueToDigital (int channel, double value, bool differential=false) const

virtual void	setEnable (bool enable)
	Enables or disables the converter.

virtual bool	isEnabled () const
	Checks if the converter is enabled.

void	run ()
	Starts the converter (enables it).

void	stop ()
	Stops the converter (disables it).

virtual long	max (bool differential=false) const
	Returns the maximum value the converter can produce.

virtual long	min (bool differential=false) const
	Returns the minimum value the converter can produce.

virtual int	resolution () const
	Returns the resolution of the converter in bits.

virtual int	setResolution (int resolution)
	Sets the resolution of the converter.

virtual bool	isBipolar () const
	Indicates if the converter supports bipolar operation.

virtual bool	setBipolar (bool bipolar)
	Sets the bipolar mode of the converter.

virtual bool	setReference (int referenceId, double fsr=0.0)
	Sets the reference value of the converter.

virtual bool	setReference (int referenceId, int channel, double fsr=0.0)

virtual int	reference () const
	Gets the current reference ID of the converter.

virtual int	reference (int channel) const

virtual double	fullScaleRange () const
	Gets the current full-scale range of the converter.

virtual double	fullScaleRange (int channel) const

virtual bool	setFullScaleRange (double fsr)
	Sets the full-scale range of the converter.

virtual bool	setFullScaleRange (int channel, double fsr)

virtual long	frequency () const
	Gets the current clock frequency.

virtual long	setFrequency (long freq)
	Sets the clock frequency.

virtual long	range () const
	Gets the digital range of the converter.

virtual long	setRange (long range)
	Sets the digital range of the converter.

virtual int	clock () const
	Gets the current clock setting.

virtual bool	setClock (int clock)
	Sets the current clock setting.

virtual Mode	mode (int channel=0) const

virtual bool	setMode (Mode m, int channel=-1)

virtual bool	setModeFlags (long flags, long mask=-1, int channel=-1)
	Sets the mode flags for the converter.

virtual bool	clearModeFlags (long flags, long mask=-1, int channel=-1)
	Clears the mode flags for the converter.

OpenMode	openMode () const
	Returns the current open mode of the device.

virtual bool	isOpen () const
	Returns true if the device is currently open.

bool	isReadable () const
	Returns true if the device is readable.

bool	isWritable () const
	Returns true if the device is writable.

bool	isBuffered () const
	Returns true if the device is buffered.

virtual bool	isSequential () const
	Returns true if this device is sequential; otherwise returns false.

void	setTextModeEnabled (bool enabled)
	Enables or disables text mode for the device.

bool	isTextModeEnabled () const
	Returns true if text mode is enabled.

void	setDebug (bool enabled)
	Enables or disables debug mode for the device.

bool	isDebug () const
	Returns true if debug mode is enabled.

virtual std::string	errorString () const
	Returns a human-readable description of the last error.

virtual int	error () const
	Returns the code of the last error.

Static Public Member Functions
static std::string	registeredName ()
	Returns the name registered for this converter.

static const std::map< ModeFlag, std::string > &	modeFlagToStringMap ()
	Get the mapping of mode flags to their string representations.

static const std::map< std::string, Converter::ModeFlag > &	stringToModeFlagMap ()
	Get the mapping of mode flags from their string representations.

static Converter *	factory (const std::string &deviceName, const std::string &parameters="")
	Creates a converter instance from device name.

static void	registerConverter (const std::string &deviceName, std::function< Converter *(const std::string &) > creator, const std::string &type="dac", const std::string &parameters="")
	Registers a converter class in the factory.

static std::vector< Info >	availableConverters ()
	Gets list of registered converter names.

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr int	DefaultAddress = 0x60
	Default I2C address for the MCP4725.

static constexpr double	DefaultFullScaleRange = 3.3
	Default full-scale range for the MCP4725.

static constexpr long	InvalidValue = LONG_MIN
	Invalid value for the converter.

Protected Member Functions
	Mcp4725 (Private &dd)
	Protected constructor for internal use with PIMPL pattern.

Protected Attributes
std::unique_ptr< Private >	d_ptr
	Pointer to the private implementation.

Detailed Description

Class for the MCP4725 series of digital-to-analog converters.

The MCP4725 is a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with an I2C interface. It allows for easy integration into microcontroller projects and provides a simple way to generate analog voltages. The reference voltage is equal to the supply voltage (VDD), which is typically 3.3V or 5V (3.3V on Pi boards). An EEPROM can be enabled to store the DAC's value.

The parameters for the constructor registered are:

bus=id : The I2C bus ID (default is I2cDev::defaultBus().id(), use pinfo to get the default bus ID).
addr={0x60...0x67} : The I2C address of the converter (default is 0x60).
fsr=value : The full-scale range value. (default is 3.3V)
mode={norm,fast,eeprom,pd1k,pd100k,pd500k} : The mode setting (default is norm). See the MCP4725 datasheet for more information.

Definition at line 39 of file mcp4725.h.

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ Mode

Piduino::Converter::Mode

inherited

Type representing a combination of ModeFlag values.

Definition at line 162 of file converter.h.

◆ OpenMode

Piduino::IoDevice::OpenMode

inherited

Type representing a combination of OpenModeFlag values.

Definition at line 70 of file iodevice.h.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

inherited

Enumerator
hasFrequency	Indicates that the converter has a clock.
hasReference	Indicates that the converter has a reference voltage.
hasResolution	Indicates that the converter has a resolution.
hasBipolar	Indicates that the converter supports bipolar operation.
hasRange	Indicates that the converter has a range.
hasSetFrequency	Indicates that the converter supports setting the frequency.
hasSetRange	Indicates that the converter supports setting the range.
hasSetReference	Indicates that the converter supports setting the reference voltage.
hasSetResolution	Indicates that the converter supports setting the resolution.
hasSetBipolar	Indicates that the converter supports setting the bipolar mode.
requiresWaitLoop	Indicates that the converter requires a wait loop to function correctly.
hasClockSelection	Indicates that the converter supports clock selection.
hasModeSetting	Indicates that the converter supports mode setting.
hasToggle	Indicates that the converter supports toggling (GpioExpander only)
hasReferencePerChannel	Indicates that the converter supports per-channel references.

Definition at line 164 of file converter.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

inherited

Enumerator
DefaultReference	Default reference voltage.
InternalReference	Internal reference voltage.
VddReference	Vdd reference voltage (analog or digital power supply depending on the converter)
ExternalReference	External reference voltage.
Internal1Reference	1st internal reference voltage
Internal2Reference	2nd internal reference voltage
Internal3Reference	3rd internal reference voltage
Internal4Reference	4th internal reference voltage
UnknownReference	Unknown reference voltage.

Definition at line 182 of file converter.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

inherited

Enumerator
DefaultClock	Default clock setting.
InternalClock	Internal clock setting.
ExternalClock	External clock setting.
UnknownClock	Unknown clock setting.

Definition at line 195 of file converter.h.

◆ ModeFlag

enum Piduino::Converter::ModeFlag

inherited

Flags that specify the channel mode for the converter.

Enumerator
NoMode	No mode specified.
NormalMode	Normal mode (default)
DigitalInput	Digital input mode.
DigitalOutput	Digital output mode.
AnalogInput	Analog input mode (for ADCs)
AnalogOutput	Analog output mode (for DACs)
PullUp	Pull-up resistor enabled.
PullDown	Pull-down resistor enabled.
ActiveLow	Active low mode.
EdgeRising	Edge rising trigger.
EdgeFalling	Edge falling trigger.
EdgeBoth	Both rising and falling edge triggers.
Interrupt	Interrupt mode.
Continuous	Continuous mode (for ADCs)
SingleShot	Single-shot mode (for ADCs)
FastMode	Fast mode (for DACs)
SaveToEEPROM	Save to EEPROM (for DACs)
PwrDwn0	Power down mode (for DACs), LSB.
PwrDwn1	Power down mode (for DACs), MSB.
PwrDwnEn	Power down mode enable (for DACs)
PwrDwn	Power down mode (for DACs)
PwrDwnR1	Power down mode (for DACs), resistor value depends on device.
PwrDwnR2	Power down mode (for DACs), resistor value depends on device.
PwrDwnR3	Power down mode (for DACs), resistor value depends on device.
PwrDwnR4	Power down mode (for DACs), resistor value depends on device.
PwrDwnMask	Power down mode (for DACs), resistor value depends on device.
GainBit0	Gain Bit 0.
GainBit1	Gain Bit 1.
GainBit2	Gain Bit 2.
GainEn	Gain Enable.
GainMask	Gain Mask.
Gain1	Gain1 = 000 -> The lowest gain level, the real value depends on the device.
Gain2	Gain2 = 001.
Gain3	Gain3 = 010.
Gain4	Gain4 = 011.
Gain5	Gain5 = 100.
Gain6	Gain6 = 101.
Gain7	Gain7 = 110.
Gain8	Gain8 = 111 -> The highest gain level, the real value depends on the device.

Definition at line 50 of file converter.h.

◆ OpenModeFlag

enum Piduino::IoDevice::OpenModeFlag

inherited

Flags that specify how the device is to be opened.

These flags control the behavior of the device when it is opened. They can be combined using bitwise OR.

Enumerator
NotOpen	Device is not open.
Append	Set the stream's position indicator to the end of the stream before each output operation.
AtEnd	Set the stream's position indicator to the end of the stream on opening.
Binary	Open the device in binary mode (no text translation).
ReadOnly	Open the device for input operations only. Text mode: When reading, end-of-line terminators are translated to ' '. When writing, end-of-line terminators are translated to the local encoding (e.g., '\r ' for Win32).
WriteOnly	Open the device for output operations only.
ReadWrite	Open the device for both input and output operations.
Truncate	Discard any existing content when opening the device.
IosModes	Combination of all standard I/O modes.
Unbuffered	Open the device in unbuffered mode (implementation-defined).

Definition at line 48 of file iodevice.h.

◆ Type

enum Piduino::Converter::Type

inherited

Enumeration of converter types.

Enumerator
AnalogToDigital	Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
DigitalToAnalog	Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Sensor	Sensor (not a converter, but can be used with converters)
GpioExpander	GPIO expander (not a converter, but can be used with converters)
UnknownType	No converter type specified.

Definition at line 39 of file converter.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Mcp4725() [1/3]

Piduino::Mcp4725::Mcp4725	(	int	busId = `I2cDev::Info::defaultBus().id()`,
		int	address = `DefaultAddress`
	)

Constructs a Mcp4725 object with the specified I2C device and parameters.

Creates a new MCP4725 DAC controller instance connected to the specified I2C bus with the given device address. The device must be properly connected and powered before attempting communication.

Parameters

busId	The I2C bus ID (default is I2cDev::Info::defaultBus().id()).
address	The I2C address of the converter (default is 0x60).

◆ ~Mcp4725()

virtual Piduino::Mcp4725::~Mcp4725 ( )

virtual

Virtual destructor for the Mcp4725 class.

Ensures proper cleanup of I2C resources and resets the device state when the object is destroyed.

◆ Mcp4725() [2/3]

Piduino::Mcp4725::Mcp4725 ( const std::string & parameters )

explicit

Constructs a Mcp4725 object from a string of parameters.

Creates a MCP4725 DAC controller instance using configuration parameters provided as a formatted string. This constructor is primarily used by the converter factory system for dynamic object creation.

Parameters

parameters

A string containing the parameters for the Mcp4725 configuration, formatted as "bus=id:addr={0x60..0x67}:fsr=value:mode={norm,fast,eeprom,pd1k,pd100k,pd500k}".
The parameters for the constructor registered are:

bus=id : The I2C bus ID (default is I2cDev::Info::defaultBus().id(), use pinfo to check the default bus ID).
addr={0x60..0x67} : The I2C address of the converter (default is 0x60).
fsr=value : The full-scale range value. (default is 3.3V).
mode={norm,fast,eeprom,pd1k,pd100k,pd500k} : The mode setting (default is norm). See the MCP4725 datasheet for more information.

Note: This constructor is used for factory registration and must be implemented by subclasses.

◆ Mcp4725() [3/3]

Piduino::Mcp4725::Mcp4725 ( Private & dd )

protected

Protected constructor for internal use with PIMPL pattern.

This constructor is used internally by the class hierarchy to create instances with a specific private implementation object. It supports the PIMPL design pattern used throughout the Piduino library.

Parameters

dd	Reference to the private implementation object

Member Function Documentation

◆ availableConverters()

static std::vector< Info > Piduino::Converter::availableConverters ( )

staticinherited

Gets list of registered converter names.

Returns: Vector of available converter names.

◆ clearModeFlags()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::clearModeFlags	(	long	flags,
		long	mask = `-1`,
		int	channel = `-1`
	)

virtualinherited

Clears the mode flags for the converter.

Parameters

flags	The flags to clear.
mask	The mask to apply (default is -1, which means all flags). The bits are used to select specific mode flags.
channel	The channel number (default is -1, indicating all channels).

Returns: True if the mode flags were successfully cleared, false otherwise.

Note: This function may be overridden by subclasses to implement specific mode flag clearing logic.; The flags are a combination of ModeFlag values, and the mask allows selective clearing.

◆ clock()

virtual int Piduino::Converter::clock ( ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current clock setting.

Returns: The current clock setting. This is typically used to choose a specific clock source or frequency for the converter.

Note: Default implementation returns UnknownClock, indicating no clock set.

◆ close()

virtual void Piduino::Converter::close ( )

virtualinherited

Closes the converter device.

Reimplemented from Piduino::IoDevice.

◆ deviceName()

virtual const std::string & Piduino::Converter::deviceName ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the device name associated with the converter.

Returns: The device name as a string.

◆ digitalToValue() [1/2]

virtual double Piduino::Converter::digitalToValue	(	int	channel,
		long	digitalValue,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)		const

virtualinherited

Converts a digital value to an analog value for a specific channel.

Parameters

channel	The channel number.
digitalValue	The digital value to convert.
differential	If true, converts in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The corresponding analog value.

Note: if the converter does not support per-channel references, the default channel reference ID will be used.

◆ digitalToValue() [2/2]

virtual double Piduino::Converter::digitalToValue	(	long	digitalValue,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)		const

virtualinherited

Converts a digital value to an analog value.

Parameters

digitalValue	The digital value to convert.
differential	If true, converts in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The corresponding analog value.

◆ error()

virtual int Piduino::IoDevice::error ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the code of the last error.

Returns: The error code.

◆ errorString()

virtual std::string Piduino::IoDevice::errorString ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns a human-readable description of the last error.

Returns: The error string.

◆ factory()

static Converter * Piduino::Converter::factory	(	const std::string &	deviceName,
		const std::string &	parameters = `""`
	)

staticinherited

Creates a converter instance from device name.

Parameters

deviceName	The name of the converter class to instantiate, this name may be followed by parameters in the form of a colon-separated list.
parameters	The parameters for the converter, a colon-separated list of values if not specified in deviceName.

Returns: Pointer to new Converter instance, or nullptr if not found.

◆ flags()

virtual unsigned int Piduino::Converter::flags ( ) const

virtualinherited

returns the flags associated with the converter.

Returns: The flags indicating the capabilities of the converter.

◆ frequency()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::frequency ( ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current clock frequency.

Returns: The frequency in Hertz.

◆ fullScaleRange() [1/2]

virtual double Piduino::Converter::fullScaleRange ( ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current full-scale range of the converter.

This function is used, by default, by valueToDigital() and digitalToValue() to calculate the appropriate scaling factors.

Returns: The full-scale range value, typically in volts but may vary depending on the converter model.

Note: Default implementation returns 3.3V, should be overridden by subclasses.; if the converter supports per-channel full-scale ranges, the default channel full-scale range will be returned (Channel 0)

◆ fullScaleRange() [2/2]

virtual double Piduino::Converter::fullScaleRange ( int channel ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current full-scale range of the converter for a specific channel.

This function is used, by default, by valueToDigital() and digitalToValue() to calculate the appropriate scaling factors.

Parameters

channel The channel number.

Returns: The full-scale range value for the specified channel.

Note: if it's not possible to set for a specific channel, the common full-scale range will be returned (channel will be ignored)

◆ isBipolar()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::isBipolar ( ) const

virtualinherited

Indicates if the converter supports bipolar operation.

Returns: true if bipolar, false otherwise.

◆ isBuffered()

bool Piduino::IoDevice::isBuffered ( ) const

inherited

Returns true if the device is buffered.

Returns: True if buffered, false otherwise.

◆ isDebug()

bool Piduino::IoDevice::isDebug ( ) const

inherited

Returns true if debug mode is enabled.

Returns: True if debug mode is enabled, false otherwise.

◆ isEnabled()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::isEnabled ( ) const

virtualinherited

Checks if the converter is enabled.

Returns: true if enabled, false otherwise.

◆ isOpen()

virtual bool Piduino::IoDevice::isOpen ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns true if the device is currently open.

Returns: True if open, false otherwise.

◆ isReadable()

bool Piduino::IoDevice::isReadable ( ) const

inherited

Returns true if the device is readable.

Returns: True if readable, false otherwise.

◆ isSequential()

virtual bool Piduino::IoDevice::isSequential ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns true if this device is sequential; otherwise returns false.

Sequential devices, as opposed to random-access devices, have no concept of a start, an end, a size, or a current position, and do not support seeking. You can only read from the device when it reports that data is available. The most common example of a sequential device is a network socket. On Unix, special files such as /dev/zero and fifo pipes are sequential. Regular files, on the other hand, do support random access. They have both a size and a current position, and they also support seeking backwards and forwards in the data stream. Regular files are non-sequential.

The IoDevice implementation returns false.

Returns: True if the device is sequential, false otherwise.

◆ isTextModeEnabled()

bool Piduino::IoDevice::isTextModeEnabled ( ) const

inherited

Returns true if text mode is enabled.

Returns: True if text mode is enabled, false otherwise.

◆ isWritable()

bool Piduino::IoDevice::isWritable ( ) const

inherited

Returns true if the device is writable.

Returns: True if writable, false otherwise.

◆ max()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::max ( bool differential = false ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the maximum value the converter can produce.

Returns: The maximum value.

◆ min()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::min ( bool differential = false ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the minimum value the converter can produce.

Returns: The minimum value.

◆ mode()

virtual Mode Piduino::Converter::mode ( int channel = 0 ) const

virtualinherited

Return the current mode of the converter.

Parameters

channel The channel number (default is 0).

Returns: The current mode of the converter as a Mode object, the default channel implementation returns NoMode.

◆ modeFlagToStringMap()

static const std::map< ModeFlag, std::string > & Piduino::Converter::modeFlagToStringMap ( )

staticinherited

Get the mapping of mode flags to their string representations.

This function returns a map where the keys are the mode flags and the values are their string representations:

Flag	Str
DigitalInput	in
DigitalOutput	out
AnalogInput	ain
AnalogOutput	aout
ActiveLow	activelow
PullUp	up
PullDown	down
NoMode	off
EdgeRising	rising
EdgeFalling	falling
Interrupt	int
Continuous	continuous
SingleShot	single
FastMode	fast
SaveToEEPROM	eeprom
PwrDwnEn	pden
PwrDwn0	pd0
PwrDwn1	pd1

◆ numberOfChannels()

virtual int Piduino::Converter::numberOfChannels ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the number of channels supported by the converter.

Returns: The number of channels, a channel is numbering from 0 to numberOfChannels() - 1.

Note: Default implementation returns 1, indicating a single channel.

◆ open()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::open ( IoDevice::OpenMode mode = IoDevice::ReadWrite )

virtualinherited

Opens the converter device with the specified mode.

Parameters

mode	The open mode (default is ReadWrite).

Returns: true if successful, false otherwise.

Reimplemented from Piduino::IoDevice.

◆ openMode()

OpenMode Piduino::IoDevice::openMode ( ) const

inherited

Returns the current open mode of the device.

Returns: The open mode flags.

◆ range()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::range ( ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the digital range of the converter.

This function is used by default by valueToDigital() and digitalToValue() to calculate the appropriate scaling factors.

Returns: The range value in LSB, e.g. max() - min() + 1.

◆ read()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::read ( )

virtualinherited

Reads a digital value from the converter.

Returns: The value read from the converter as a digital value. This value is between min() and max().

Note: This function is disabled if the open mode is not ReadOnly or ReadWrite.

◆ readAverage()

virtual double Piduino::Converter::readAverage	(	int	channel = `0`,
		bool	differential = `false`,
		int	count = `8`
	)

virtualinherited

Reads an average value of count samples from the converter.

Parameters

channel	The channel to read from (default is 0).
differential	If true, reads in differential mode (default is false).
count	The number of samples to average (default is 8).

Returns: The average digital value read from the converter.

◆ readAverageValue()

virtual double Piduino::Converter::readAverageValue	(	int	channel = `0`,
		bool	differential = `false`,
		int	count = `8`
	)

virtualinherited

Reads an average value from the converter.

Parameters

channel	The channel to read from (default is 0).
differential	If true, reads in differential mode (default is false).
count	The number of samples to average (default is 8).

Returns: The average value read from the converter, which is converted to a value with digitalToValue().

◆ readChannel()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::readChannel	(	int	channel = `0`,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)

virtualinherited

Reads the digital value of a specific channel from the converter.

Parameters

channel	The channel to read from.
differential	If true, reads in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The value read from the converter as a digital value. This value is between min() and max().

◆ readValue()

virtual double Piduino::Converter::readValue	(	int	channel = `0`,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)

virtualinherited

Reads a value from the converter (ADC)

Parameters

channel	The channel to read from (default is 0).
differential	If true, reads in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The value read from the converter, which is converted to a value with digitalToValue().

◆ reference() [1/2]

virtual int Piduino::Converter::reference ( ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current reference ID of the converter.

Returns: The ID reference of the reference voltage, which can be a predefined constant or a custom value depending on the converter model.

Note: if the converter supports per-channel references, the default channel reference ID will be returned (Channel 0)

◆ reference() [2/2]

virtual int Piduino::Converter::reference ( int channel ) const

virtualinherited

Gets the current reference ID of the converter for a specific channel.

Parameters

channel The channel number.

Returns: The reference ID for the specified channel.

Note: if it's not possible to set for a specific channel, the common reference ID will be returned (channel will be ignored)

◆ registerConverter()

static void Piduino::Converter::registerConverter	(	const std::string &	deviceName,
		std::function< Converter *(const std::string &) >	creator,
		const std::string &	type = `"dac"`,
		const std::string &	parameters = `""`
	)

staticinherited

Registers a converter class in the factory.

Parameters

deviceName	The name to register the class under.
creator	Function that creates an instance of the class.

◆ registeredName()

static std::string Piduino::Mcp4725::registeredName ( )

inlinestatic

Returns the name registered for this converter.

Provides the string identifier used by the converter factory system to create instances of this converter type. This name is used in configuration files and command-line interfaces.

Returns: The name of the converter as a string ("mcp4725").

Note: This method is used for factory registration and must be implemented by subclasses.

Definition at line 96 of file mcp4725.h.

◆ resolution()

virtual int Piduino::Converter::resolution ( ) const

virtualinherited

Returns the resolution of the converter in bits.

Returns: The resolution in bits.

◆ run()

void Piduino::Converter::run ( )

inlineinherited

Starts the converter (enables it).

◆ setBipolar()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setBipolar ( bool bipolar )

virtualinherited

Sets the bipolar mode of the converter.

Parameters

bipolar true to enable bipolar mode, false to disable.

Returns: true if the operation was successful, false otherwise.

◆ setClock()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setClock ( int clock )

virtualinherited

Sets the current clock setting.

Parameters

clock The desired clock setting.

Returns: true if the clock was set successfully, false otherwise.

◆ setDebug()

void Piduino::IoDevice::setDebug ( bool enabled )

inherited

Enables or disables debug mode for the device.

Parameters

enabled True to enable debug mode, false to disable.

◆ setEnable()

virtual void Piduino::Converter::setEnable ( bool enable )

virtualinherited

Enables or disables the converter.

Parameters

enable true to enable, false to disable.

◆ setFrequency()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::setFrequency ( long freq )

virtualinherited

Sets the clock frequency.

Parameters

freq	The desired frequency in Hertz.

Returns: The actual frequency set, 0 if not set, -1 if not supported.

Note: Default implementation returns -1. Should be overridden by subclasses.

◆ setFullScaleRange() [1/2]

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setFullScaleRange ( double fsr )

virtualinherited

Sets the full-scale range of the converter.

Parameters

fsr	The desired full-scale range value.

Returns: True if the full-scale range was successfully set, false otherwise.

Note: Default implementation returns false. Should be overridden by subclasses.; if the converter does not support per-channel full-scale ranges, the default channel full-scale range will be set (Channel 0)

◆ setFullScaleRange() [2/2]

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setFullScaleRange	(	int	channel,
		double	fsr
	)

virtualinherited

Sets the full-scale range of the converter for a specific channel.

Parameters

channel	The channel number.
fsr	The desired full-scale range value.

Returns: True if the full-scale range was successfully set, false otherwise.

Note: Default implementation returns false. Should be overridden by subclasses.; if the converter does not support per-channel full-scale ranges, the common full-scale range will be set (channel will be ignored).

◆ setMode()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setMode	(	Mode	m,
		int	channel = `-1`
	)

virtualinherited

Set the mode of the converter.

Parameters

m	The mode to set.
channel	The channel number (default is -1, indicating all channels).

Returns: True if the mode was successfully set, false otherwise. The default implementation returns false.

Note: This function may be overridden by subclasses to implement specific mode setting logic.

◆ setModeFlags()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setModeFlags	(	long	flags,
		long	mask = `-1`,
		int	channel = `-1`
	)

virtualinherited

Sets the mode flags for the converter.

Parameters

flags	The flags to set.
mask	The mask to apply (default is -1, which means all flags). The bits are used to select specific mode flags.
channel	The channel number (default is -1, indicating all channels).

Returns: True if the mode flags were successfully set, false otherwise.

Note: This function may be overridden by subclasses to implement specific mode flag setting logic.; The flags are a combination of ModeFlag values, and the mask allows selective setting

◆ setRange()

virtual long Piduino::Converter::setRange ( long range )

virtualinherited

Sets the digital range of the converter.

Parameters

range The desired range value.

Returns: The set range value, 0 if not set, or -1 if not supported.

Note: Default implementation returns -1. Should be overridden by subclasses.

◆ setReference() [1/2]

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setReference	(	int	referenceId,
		double	fsr = `0.0`
	)

virtualinherited

Sets the reference value of the converter.

Parameters

referenceId	The ID of the reference value to set, which can be a predefined constant or a custom value depending on the converter model.
fsr	The full-scale range value, mandatory for external reference (default is 0.0 that indicates internal or VDD reference).

Returns: true if the reference value was set successfully, false otherwise.

Note: Default implementation returns false, should be overridden by subclasses.

◆ setReference() [2/2]

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::setReference	(	int	referenceId,
		int	channel,
		double	fsr = `0.0`
	)

virtualinherited

Sets the reference value of the converter for a specific channel.

Parameters

referenceId	The ID of the reference value to set, which can be a predefined constant or a custom value depending on the converter model.
channel	The channel number.
fsr	The full-scale range value, mandatory for external reference (default is 0.0 that indicates internal or VDD reference).

Returns: true if the reference value was set successfully, false otherwise.

Note: Default implementation returns false, should be overridden by subclasses.; if the converter does not support per-channel references, the common reference ID will be set (channel will be ignored).

◆ setResolution()

virtual int Piduino::Converter::setResolution ( int resolution )

virtualinherited

Sets the resolution of the converter.

Parameters

resolution The desired resolution in bits.

Returns: The actual resolution set, or -1 if not supported.

◆ setTextModeEnabled()

void Piduino::IoDevice::setTextModeEnabled ( bool enabled )

inherited

Enables or disables text mode for the device.

Parameters

enabled True to enable text mode, false to disable.

◆ stop()

void Piduino::Converter::stop ( )

inlineinherited

Stops the converter (disables it).

◆ stringToModeFlagMap()

static const std::map< std::string, Converter::ModeFlag > & Piduino::Converter::stringToModeFlagMap ( )

staticinherited

Get the mapping of mode flags from their string representations.

This function returns a map where the keys are the string representations and the values are the mode flags.

Flag	Str
DigitalInput	in
DigitalOutput	out
AnalogInput	ain
AnalogOutput	aout
ActiveLow	activelow
PullUp	up
PullDown	down
NoMode	off
EdgeRising	rising
EdgeFalling	falling
Interrupt	int
Continuous	continuous
SingleShot	single
FastMode	fast
SaveToEEPROM	eeprom
PwrDwnEn	pden
PwrDwn0	pd0
PwrDwn1	pd1

◆ toggle()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::toggle ( int channel = -1 )

virtualinherited

Toggles the state of a specific channel on the converter.

Parameters

channel The channel to toggle (default is -1, which toggles all channels).

Returns: true if successful, false otherwise.

Note: This function is disabled if the open mode is not WriteOnly or ReadWrite or if type() is not GpioExpander.

◆ type()

Type Piduino::Converter::type ( ) const

inherited

Returns the type of the converter.

Returns: The converter type (ADC, DAC, or None).

◆ valueToDigital() [1/2]

virtual long Piduino::Converter::valueToDigital	(	double	value,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)		const

virtualinherited

Converts a analog value to a digital value.

Parameters

value	The value to convert.
differential	If true, converts in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The corresponding digital value.

◆ valueToDigital() [2/2]

virtual long Piduino::Converter::valueToDigital	(	int	channel,
		double	value,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)		const

virtualinherited

Converts an analog value to a digital value for a specific channel.

Parameters

channel	The channel number.
value	The value to convert.
differential	If true, converts in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: The corresponding digital value.

Note: if the converter does not support per-channel references, the default channel reference ID will be used.

◆ write()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::write ( long value )

virtualinherited

Writes a value to the converter.

Parameters

value The value to write. This value will be clamped to the valid range defined by min() and max().

Returns: true if successful, false otherwise.

Note: This function is disabled if the open mode is not WriteOnly or ReadWrite.; if the converter has channels, this function will write all channels with the same value.

◆ writeChannel()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::writeChannel	(	long	value,
		int	channel = `-1`,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)

virtualinherited

Writes a digital value to a specific channel of the converter.

Parameters

value	The sample value to write. This value will be clamped to the valid range defined by `min()` and `max()`.
channel	The channel to write to (default is -1, which writes to all channels).
differential	If true, writes in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: true if successful, false otherwise.

Note: This function is disabled if the open mode is not WriteOnly or ReadWrite.

◆ writeValue()

virtual bool Piduino::Converter::writeValue	(	double	value,
		int	channel = `-1`,
		bool	differential = `false`
	)

virtualinherited

Writes a value to the converter (DAC).

Parameters

value	The value to write, which is converted to a digital value with valueToDigital().
channel	The channel to write to (default is -1, which writes to all channels).
differential	If true, writes in differential mode (default is false).

Returns: true if successful, false otherwise.

Note: This function is disabled if the open mode is not WriteOnly or ReadWrite.; if the converter supports per-channel references, this function cannot be called with channel=-1

Member Data Documentation

◆ d_ptr

std::unique_ptr<Private> Piduino::IoDevice::d_ptr

protectedinherited

Pointer to the private implementation.

Definition at line 190 of file iodevice.h.

◆ DefaultAddress

constexpr int Piduino::Mcp4725::DefaultAddress = 0x60

staticconstexpr

Default I2C address for the MCP4725.

Definition at line 43 of file mcp4725.h.

◆ DefaultFullScaleRange

constexpr double Piduino::Mcp4725::DefaultFullScaleRange = 3.3

staticconstexpr

Default full-scale range for the MCP4725.

Definition at line 44 of file mcp4725.h.

◆ InvalidValue

constexpr long Piduino::Converter::InvalidValue = LONG_MIN

staticconstexprinherited

Invalid value for the converter.

Definition at line 202 of file converter.h.

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ Mode

◆ OpenMode

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

◆ ModeFlag

◆ OpenModeFlag

◆ Type

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Mcp4725() [1/3]

◆ ~Mcp4725()

◆ Mcp4725() [2/3]

◆ Mcp4725() [3/3]

Member Function Documentation

◆ availableConverters()

◆ clearModeFlags()

◆ clock()

◆ close()

◆ deviceName()

◆ digitalToValue() [1/2]

◆ digitalToValue() [2/2]

◆ error()

◆ errorString()

◆ factory()

◆ flags()

◆ frequency()

◆ fullScaleRange() [1/2]

◆ fullScaleRange() [2/2]

◆ isBipolar()

◆ isBuffered()

◆ isDebug()

◆ isEnabled()

◆ isOpen()

◆ isReadable()

◆ isSequential()

◆ isTextModeEnabled()

◆ isWritable()

◆ max()

◆ min()

◆ mode()

◆ modeFlagToStringMap()

◆ numberOfChannels()

◆ open()

◆ openMode()

◆ range()

◆ read()

◆ readAverage()

◆ readAverageValue()

◆ readChannel()

◆ readValue()

◆ reference() [1/2]

◆ reference() [2/2]

◆ registerConverter()

◆ registeredName()

◆ resolution()

◆ run()

◆ setBipolar()

◆ setClock()

◆ setDebug()

◆ setEnable()

◆ setFrequency()

◆ setFullScaleRange() [1/2]

◆ setFullScaleRange() [2/2]

◆ setMode()

◆ setModeFlags()

◆ setRange()

◆ setReference() [1/2]

◆ setReference() [2/2]

◆ setResolution()

◆ setTextModeEnabled()

◆ stop()